What characterizes a divided government?

A divided government is characterized by a situation in which different political parties control different branches of government, specifically when one party holds the presidency while another party holds one or both chambers of Congress. This arrangement often leads to a dynamic tension in governance, as the legislative and executive branches may have conflicting political agendas and priorities.

In a divided government, the lack of a single party controlling both the executive and legislative branches can result in increased debate and negotiation, as well as challenges in advancing legislation. This political structure is quite common in the United States, particularly in recent decades, and it reflects the pluralistic nature of the American political system where divergent views are represented.

The other options do not accurately describe a divided government. For instance, one party controlling both the White House and Congress would represent a unified government, while equal representation among all parties does not specifically indicate any control over the presidency or Congress. Lastly, a presidency held by an independent candidate does not constitute a divided government, as it doesn’t inherently involve the dynamics between major political parties.